Royal Marine Academy

royal [ˈrɔɪəl]

1. adjective

2. noun

(inf) membre m de la famille royale

• the royals la famille royale

3. compounds

► the Royal Academy (of Arts) noun (British) l'Académie f royale des Beaux-Arts

► the Royal Air Force noun (British) la Royal Air Force

► royal blue noun bleu roi m inv

► royal-blue adjective bleu roi inv

► royal family noun famille f royale

► Royal Highness noun

• Your/His Royal Highness Votre/Son Altesse Royale ► royal jelly noun gelée f royale

► the Royal Mail noun (British) le service postal britannique

► the Royal Marines plural noun (British) l'infanterie f de marine

• a Royal Marine un soldat de l'infanterie de marine ► the Royal Navy noun (British) la marine nationale

► the Royal Shakespeare Company noun (British) troupe de théâtre spécialisée dans le répertoire shakespearien

► the Royal Ulster Constabulary noun la police de l'Irlande du Nord

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La Royal Academy ou Royal Academy of Arts, fondée en 1768 par George III pour encourager la peinture, la sculpture et l'architecture, est située à Burlington House, sur Piccadilly. Une exposition-vente d'œuvres d'artistes contemporains a lieu tous les étés. L'Académie dispense également des cours en peinture, sculpture et architecture.

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adjective royal

royal ['rɔɪəl]

1 adjective

(a) (seal, residence, visit) royal; (horse, household, vehicle) royal, du roi, de la reine;

∎ by royal charter par acte du souverain;

∎ the royal "we" le "nous" de majesté

(b) figurative formal (splendid) royal, princier;

∎ they gave us a (right) royal welcome ils nous ont accueillis comme des rois;

∎ to be in royal spirits être d'excellente humeur

(c) familiar (for emphasis) sombre, de première;

∎ that guy is a right royal pain in the neck ce type est un véritable emmerdeur;

∎ her whining gives me a royal pain elle me fait vraiment chier avec ses jérémiades;

∎ he's a royal idiot c'est un sombre crétin ou un crétin de première

(d) (paper) (format m) grand raisin m;

∎ royal octavo/quarto in-huit m/in-quarto m raisin

2 noun

familiar = membre de la famille royale;

∎ the Royals la famille royale^□

►► the Royal Academy (of Arts) Académie f royale britannique des beaux-arts;

the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art = Conservatoire national d'art dramatique, à Londres;

the Royal Academy of Music = conservatoire national de musique, à Londres;

the Royal Air Force armée f de l'air britannique;

Royal Ascot = événement hippique annuel, étalé sur plusieurs jours, qui entre dans le calendrier mondain de la haute société anglaise;

royal assent = signature royale qui officialise une loi;

the Royal Ballet = compagnie nationale de ballet qui a son siège à Covent Garden à Londres;

royal blue bleu m roi;

the Royal British Legion = association britannique d'anciens militaires;

royal burgh ville f établie par charte royale;

the Royal Canadian Mounted Police la Gendarmerie royale du Canada;

the Royal College of Music Collège m royal de musique (école de musique située à Londres);

the Royal College of Physicans Collège m royal de médecine (organisation de médecins);

the Royal College of Surgeons Collège m royal de chirurgie (organisation de chirurgiens);

the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons Collège m royal de médecine vétérinaire (organisation de vétérinaires);

the Royal Commission = commission nommée par le monarque sur recommandation du premier ministre;

the Royal Court = théâtre à Londres;

Royal Doulton = porcelaine fine anglaise;

the Royal Enclosure = tribune de la famille royale à Royal Ascot;

the Royal Engineers le génie militaire britannique;

the Royal Family la famille royale;

Botany royal fern osmonde f royale;

Cards royal flush quinte f royale; (in poker) flush m royal;

Royal Highland Show = grande foire agricole annuelle qui a lieu à Ingleston, près d'Édimbourg;

Your Royal Highness Votre Altesse Royale;

∎ His Royal Highness, the Prince of Wales Son Altesse Royale, le prince de Galles;

Their Royal Highnesses Leurs Altesses Royales;

the Royal Horse Guards = la garde à cheval qui assure la garde du palais et du souverain;

British Cookery royal icing = glaçage à base de sucre glace et de blancs d'œufs (utilisé pour les cakes);

the Royal Institute of British Architects = institut d'architectes, à Londres;

the Royal Institution l'Académie f des sciences britannique;

royal jelly gelée f royale;

the Royal Mail = la Poste britannique;

the Royal Marines les Marines mpl (britanniques);

Nautical royal mast mât m de cacatois;

the Royal Mile = rue d'Édimbourg qui relie le château au palais de Holyrood;

the Royal Mint = la Monnaie britannique, ≃ (l'hôtel m de) la Monnaie;

the Royal Navy la marine f nationale britannique;

the Royal Opera House l'opéra m de Covent Garden;

Botany royal palm palmier m royal;

royal prerogative prérogative f du souverain;

∎ to exercise the royal prerogative faire acte de souverain;

the Royal School of Music École f royale de musique;

Royal Scottish Academy Académie f royale écossaise des beaux-arts;

the Royal Shakespeare Company = célèbre troupe de théâtre basée à Stratford-on-Avon et à Londres;

the Royal Show = le salon annuel de l'agriculture en Grande-Bretagne;

the Royal Society l'Académie f des sciences britannique;

Royal Society of Medicine Fondation f britannique de médecine;

the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals = société britannique protectrice des animaux, ≃ SPA f;

British the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children ≃ Fondation f pour l'enfance;

the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds = ligue britannique pour la protection des oiseaux;

royal standard = drapeau représentant les armoiries de la couronne britannique, hissé lorsque le monarque est au château;

the Royal Tournament = meeting annuel destiné au public organisé par les forces armées, avec entre autres choses des démonstrations de gymnastique;

the Royal Ulster Constabulary = corps de police d'Irlande du Nord;

the Royal Variety Show = spectacle de variétés organisé à Londres en faveur de la Fédération des artistes de variétés;

royal warrant brevet m de fournisseur du souverain;

Royal Worcester = porcelaine fine anglaise

ⓘ THE ROYAL SOCIETY Cette société à vocation scientifique, fondée par Charles II en 1660, contribua à renforcer la crédibilité des hommes de science, qui jouirent également d'une plus grande liberté. En firent notamment partie Isaac Newton et Robert Boyle.

( военное) училище; академия; школа; курсы усовершенствования; см. тж. school

— advanced combat training academy

— Air Force academy

— Australian Defence Force academy

— Canadian Forces Warrant Officers academy

— Inter-American Air academy

— Inter-American Police academy

— Marine Corps Staff NCO academy

— medical academy

— military academy

— naval academy

— Sergeants-Major academy

— service academy

— tri-service academy

— US Coast Guard academy

— US Military academy

— US Naval academy

adj. koninklijk

[ rojjəl] 〈 zelfstandig naamwoord〉

1 〈 informeel〉 lid van de koninklijke familie

2 twaalf/veertienender 〈 hert〉

♦voorbeelden:

¶ 〈 leger〉 the Royals • Eerste Regiment Infanterie; de Koninklijke Marine

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〈 bijvoeglijk naamwoord〉

1  koninklijk ⇒ van de koning(in)

2  koninklijk ⇒ vorstelijk

♦voorbeelden:

1   the Royal Academy (of Arts) • 〈 ongeveer〉de Koninklijke Academie/Maatschappij voor Schone Kunsten

     Royal Air Force • Koninklijke Luchtmacht

     〈 politiek〉 royal assent • koninklijke goedkeuring 〈 van wetsvoorstel〉

     〈Brits-Engels; leger〉 Royal Engineers • de Genie

     Royal Highness • Koninklijke Hoogheid

     Royal Navy • Koninklijke Marine

     Royal Society (of London) • 〈 ongeveer〉 Academie van Wetenschappen

¶ 〈 kaartspel〉 royal flush • de hoogste kaart

     〈 dierkunde〉 royal jelly • koninginnengelei

     royal stag • twaalf/veertienender 〈 hert〉

     treat someone royally • iemand uitstekend behandelen

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1) (a higher school for special study: Academy of Music.) die Akademie

2) (a society to encourage science, art etc: The Royal Academy.) die Akademie (der Wissenschaften)

3) (a type of senior school.) höhere Schule

•

- academic.ru/272/academic">academic

- academic year

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1. (training) Akademie f

military \academy Militärakademie f

police \academy Polizeischule f

2. (scholarly institution) Akademie f

the French A\academy die Französische Akademie

3. esp AM, SCOT (school) [höhere] Schule

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academy [əˈkædəmı] s

1. Academy Akademie f (Platos Philosophenschule)

2. a) (höhere) Lehranstalt (allgemeiner oder spezieller Art): → military academy 1

b) US oder schott ( besonders private) höhere Schule mit Internat (HIST außer in Eigennamen):

Andover Academy;

3. Hochschule f:

academy of music Musikhochschule

4. Akademie f (der Wissenschaften etc)

acad. abk

1. academic

2. academy

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Akademie -n f.

1) Общая лексика: range migration algorithm, (Return Material Authorization) разрешение на возврат материалов (при продаже с гарантией)

2) Компьютерная техника: Resource Management Agent, Return My Abit, Returned Merchandise Authorization

3) Медицина: right mento-anterior

4) Американизм: Risk Management Agency

5) Военный термин: Regional Manpower Administration, Reliability, Maintainability, Availability, Restricted Machine Access, Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Royal Malta Artillery, Royal Marine Academy, Royal Marine Artillery, Royal Military Academy, rear maintenance area, reliability, maintainability, and availability, reserve military aviator

6) Техника: Reactive Modulation-type Amplifiers, random multiple access, remote management agent, remote manipulator arm

7) Математика: Rate Monotonic Analysis

8) Юридический термин: The Resource Management Act

9) Торговля: номер гарантийного возврата

10) Грубое выражение: Royal, My Ass

11) Сокращение: Radio Manufacturers' Association, Return Materials Authorization, Revolution in Military Affairs (PRC term), Revolution in Military Affairs, Rubber Manufacturers' Association, Return Merchandise Authorization

12) Университет: Really Messed Assignment

13) Электроника: Reactive Modulation Amplifiers, Rosin Mildly Activated

14) Нефть: надёжность, ремонтопригодность эксплуатационная готовность (reliability, maintainability, availability)

15) Деловая лексика: Returned Materials Authorization

16) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Russian Maritime Administration

17) Сетевые технологии: код гарантийного возврата

18) Полимеры: Rubber Manufacturing Association, rubber modified acrylic

19) Программирование: монотонный анализ частот (сокр. от Rate Monotonic Analysis)

20) Химическое оружие: Rocky Mountain Arsenal (Colorado)

21) Расширение файла: Return to Manufacturer Authorization

22) Нефть и газ: обычная (стандартная) глинокислота, обычная ( стандартная) грязевая кислота (сокр. от regular mud acid)

23) Снабжение: return material authorization

24) Аэропорты: Roma, Queensland, Australia

SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping

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After schooling in France and Germany, Krylov returned to St Petersburg (as it then was) and in 1878 entered the Naval College. Upon graduating, he started work with the Naval Hydrographic Department; the combination of his genius and breadth of interest became apparent, and from 1888 until 1890 he undertook simultaneously a two-year university course in mathematics and a naval architecture course at his old college. On completion of his formal studies, Krylov commenced fifty years of service to the academic bodies of St Petersburg, including eight years as Superintendent of the Russian Admiralty Ship Model Experiment Tank. For many years he was Professor of Naval Architecture in the city, reorganizing the methods of teaching of his profession in Russia. It was during this period that he laid the foundations of his remarkable research and published the first of his many books destined to become internationally accepted in the fields of waves, rolling, ship motion and vibration. Practical work was not overlooked: he was responsible for the design of many vessels for the Imperial Russian Navy, including the battleships Sevastopol and Petropavlovsk, and went on, as Director of Naval Construction, to test anti-rolling tanks aboard military vessels in the North Atlantic in 1913. Following the Revolution, Krylov was employed by the Soviet Union to re-establish scientific links with other European countries, and on several occasions he acted as Superintendent in the procurement of important technical material from overseas. In 1919 he was appointed Head of the Marine Academy, and from then on participated in many scientific conferences and commissions, mainly in the shipbuilding field, and served on the Editorial Board of the well-respected Russian periodical Sudostroenie (Shipbuilding). The breadth of his personal research was demonstrated by the notable contributions he made to the Russian development of the gyro compass.

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AK / FMW

Royal Military Academy (Woolwich); Royal Marine Artillery; Royal Military Asylum

1) Компьютерная техника: Memory Tracking System

2) Ботаника: Moisture Transport System

3) Военный термин: MARS technical service, Man-Transportable SOCRATES, Marine Tactical System, Masked Target Sensor, Mechanical Testing And Simulation, Message Telecommunications Service, Mission Teams Specialist, Modernization Through Spares, Moored Training Ship, Motor Transport Service, Multi Tank Syndrome, maintenance training set, maneuverable target simulator, manpower training services, master test station, material test specification, mechanical transport school, message traffic study, message transmission system, microwave test set, military test satellite, military training standard, military transportation section, missile test set, missile test stand, missile test station, missile tracking system, missile training squadron, missile tube supply, mobile tracking station, mobile tracking system, mobile training set, moving target screen, moving target simulator, multiple target screen, Maritime Tactical Schools (NATO)

4) Техника: MTS system, magnetic tape station, main turbine system, memory test system, message telephone service

5) Шутливое выражение: Make Transactions Slower, Mon The Scots, Murder The Sheriff

6) Религия: Ministry Training Strategy

7) Железнодорожный термин: Multi Train System

8) Бухгалтерия: Money Transactions System

9) Автомобильный термин: Multi-terrain Select (система помощи при движении по бездорожью)

10) Биржевой термин: Mediocre Trading System

11) Телекоммуникации: Message Telephone System, Message Transfer System

12) Сокращение: Managerial Training System (at W. F. Bolger Management Academy and others), Marine Technological Society, Maritime Tactical School, Marked Target Seeker, Merlin Training System (UK Royal Navy), Message Transport System (Internet), Military Tactical Systems, Modular Tactical Switch, Movement Tracking System, Multiple Target Surveillance, magnetic tape system, Message Toll Service, Mud To Surface

13) Университет: Math Technology And Science, Math Technology Science, Medium Technical School, Ministerial Training School

14) Физика: Momentum Throttle Slide, Muffin Tin Surface

15) Электроника: Material Tracking Standard, Medium Temperature System, Modular Time System, Multi Touch Switch

16) Вычислительная техника: Moscow Time Standard-3:00, Message Transfer System (MHS), Microsoft Transaction Server (MS, DB, WSH, COM), Michigan Terminal System (OS), Magnetic Tape System (OS, HP, HP 2100), (запоминающее) устройство на магнитной ленте, microsoft transaction server

17) Нефть: восходящий поток бурового раствора (mud to surface)

18) Картография: mountains

19) Транспорт: Mobil - Trac System

20) Фирменный знак: Manitoba Telephone Services, Microsoft Technical Support

21) СМИ: Mirc Theme Standard, Multichannel Television Sound, Multimedia Training System

22) Деловая лексика: Made To Stock

23) Сетевые технологии: Multi Threaded Server, message tool service, message transfer service, служба передачи сообщений

24) ЕБРР: medium term scenario

25) Автоматика: make-to-stock, material transportation system

26) Океанография: Marine Technology Society

27) Химическое оружие: Mustard Temperature-Conditioning System

28) Расширение файла: Message Transfer Service/System, Michigan Terminal System, Moscow Time Standard (+3:00), Microsoft Transaction Server (Microsoft)

29) Теория: (Mahalanobis - Taguchi Startegy) Стратегия Махаланобиса - Тагучи

30) Нефть и газ: Morse taper shank

31) Майкрософт: система передачи сообщений

32) Общественная организация: Maryland Temperance Society, Michigan Thoracic Society

33) Должность: Member Of Technical Staff

34) Правительство: Montgomery Transitional Services

35) NYSE. Montgomery Street Income Securities, Inc.

36) НАСА: Mission Team Specialist, Mission Training School

37) Программное обеспечение: Millenium Theatre System

38) Единицы измерений: Metric Ton Of Styrofoam

1) Компьютерная техника: Memory Tracking System

2) Ботаника: Moisture Transport System

3) Военный термин: MARS technical service, Man-Transportable SOCRATES, Marine Tactical System, Masked Target Sensor, Mechanical Testing And Simulation, Message Telecommunications Service, Mission Teams Specialist, Modernization Through Spares, Moored Training Ship, Motor Transport Service, Multi Tank Syndrome, maintenance training set, maneuverable target simulator, manpower training services, master test station, material test specification, mechanical transport school, message traffic study, message transmission system, microwave test set, military test satellite, military training standard, military transportation section, missile test set, missile test stand, missile test station, missile tracking system, missile training squadron, missile tube supply, mobile tracking station, mobile tracking system, mobile training set, moving target screen, moving target simulator, multiple target screen, Maritime Tactical Schools (NATO)

4) Техника: MTS system, magnetic tape station, main turbine system, memory test system, message telephone service

5) Шутливое выражение: Make Transactions Slower, Mon The Scots, Murder The Sheriff

6) Религия: Ministry Training Strategy

7) Железнодорожный термин: Multi Train System

8) Бухгалтерия: Money Transactions System

9) Автомобильный термин: Multi-terrain Select (система помощи при движении по бездорожью)

10) Биржевой термин: Mediocre Trading System

11) Телекоммуникации: Message Telephone System, Message Transfer System

12) Сокращение: Managerial Training System (at W. F. Bolger Management Academy and others), Marine Technological Society, Maritime Tactical School, Marked Target Seeker, Merlin Training System (UK Royal Navy), Message Transport System (Internet), Military Tactical Systems, Modular Tactical Switch, Movement Tracking System, Multiple Target Surveillance, magnetic tape system, Message Toll Service, Mud To Surface

13) Университет: Math Technology And Science, Math Technology Science, Medium Technical School, Ministerial Training School

14) Физика: Momentum Throttle Slide, Muffin Tin Surface

15) Электроника: Material Tracking Standard, Medium Temperature System, Modular Time System, Multi Touch Switch

16) Вычислительная техника: Moscow Time Standard-3:00, Message Transfer System (MHS), Microsoft Transaction Server (MS, DB, WSH, COM), Michigan Terminal System (OS), Magnetic Tape System (OS, HP, HP 2100), (запоминающее) устройство на магнитной ленте, microsoft transaction server

17) Нефть: восходящий поток бурового раствора (mud to surface)

18) Картография: mountains

19) Транспорт: Mobil - Trac System

20) Фирменный знак: Manitoba Telephone Services, Microsoft Technical Support

21) СМИ: Mirc Theme Standard, Multichannel Television Sound, Multimedia Training System

22) Деловая лексика: Made To Stock

23) Сетевые технологии: Multi Threaded Server, message tool service, message transfer service, служба передачи сообщений

24) ЕБРР: medium term scenario

25) Автоматика: make-to-stock, material transportation system

26) Океанография: Marine Technology Society

27) Химическое оружие: Mustard Temperature-Conditioning System

28) Расширение файла: Message Transfer Service/System, Michigan Terminal System, Moscow Time Standard (+3:00), Microsoft Transaction Server (Microsoft)

29) Теория: (Mahalanobis - Taguchi Startegy) Стратегия Махаланобиса - Тагучи

30) Нефть и газ: Morse taper shank

31) Майкрософт: система передачи сообщений

32) Общественная организация: Maryland Temperance Society, Michigan Thoracic Society

33) Должность: Member Of Technical Staff

34) Правительство: Montgomery Transitional Services

35) NYSE. Montgomery Street Income Securities, Inc.

36) НАСА: Mission Team Specialist, Mission Training School

37) Программное обеспечение: Millenium Theatre System

38) Единицы измерений: Metric Ton Of Styrofoam

SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping

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Taylor's first years were spent on a farm in Virginia, but at the age of 13 he went to RandolphMacon College, graduating in 1881, and from there to the US Naval Academy, Annapolis. He graduated at the head of his class, had some sea time, and then went to the Royal Naval College in Greenwich, England, where in 1888 he again came top of the class with the highest-ever marks of any student, British or overseas.

On his return to the United States he held various posts as a constructor, ending this period at the Mare Island Navy Yard in California. In 1894 he was transferred to Washington, where he joined the Bureau of Construction and started to interest the Navy in ship model testing. Under his direction, the first ship model tank in the United States was built at Washington and for fourteen years operated under his control. The work of this establishment gave him the necessary information to write the highly acclaimed text The Speed and Power of Ships, which with revisions is still in use. By the outbreak of the First World War he was one of the world's most respected naval architects, and had been retained as a consultant by the British Government in the celebrated case of the collision between the White Star Liner Olympic and HMS Hawke.

In December 1914 Taylor became a Rear-Admiral and was appointed Chief Constructor of the US Navy. His term of office was extremely stressful, with over 1,000 ships constructed for the war effort and with the work of the fledgling Bureau for Aeronautics also under his control. The problems were not over in 1918 as the Washington Treaty required drastic pruning of the Navy and a careful reshaping of the defence force.

Admiral Taylor retired from active service at the beginning of 1923 but retained several consultancies in aeronautics, shipping and naval architecture. For many years he served as consultant to the ship-design company now known as Gibbs and Cox. Many honours came his way, but the most singular must be the perpetuation of his name in the David Taylor Medal, the highest award of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers in the United States. Similarly, the Navy named its ship test tank facility, which was opened in Maryland in 1937, the David W. Taylor Model Basin.

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SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy, Ports and shipping

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The son of a merchant of Dundee, Kirkaldy was educated there, then at Merchiston Castle School, Edinburgh, and at Edinburgh University. For a while he worked in his father's office, but with a preference for engineering, in 1843 he commenced an apprenticeship at the Glasgow works of Robert Napier. After four years in the shops he was transferred to the drawing office and in a very few years rose to become Chief. Here Kirkaldy demonstrated a remarkable talent both for the meticulous recording of observations and data and for technical drawing. His work also had an aesthetic appeal and four of his drawings of Napier steamships were shown at the Paris Exhibition of 1855, earning both Napier and Kirkaldy a medal. His "as fitted" set of drawings of the Cunard Liner Persia, which had been built in 1855, is now in the possession of the National Maritime Museum at Greenwich, London; it is regarded as one of the finest examples of its kind in the world, and has even been exhibited at the Royal Academy in London.

With the impending order for the Royal Naval Ironclad Black Prince (sister ship to HMS Warrior, now preserved at Portsmouth) and for some high-pressure marine boilers and engines, there was need for a close scientific analysis of the physical properties of iron and steel. Kirkaldy, now designated Chief Draughtsman and Calculator, was placed in charge of this work, which included comparisons of puddled steel and wrought iron, using a simple lever-arm testing machine. The tests lasted some three years and resulted in Kirkaldy's most important publication, Experiments on Wrought Iron and Steel (1862, London), which gained him wide recognition for his careful and thorough work. Napier's did not encourage him to continue testing; but realizing the growing importance of materials testing, Kirkaldy resigned from the shipyard in 1861. For the next two and a half years Kirkaldy worked on the design of a massive testing machine that was manufactured in Leeds and installed in premises in London, at The Grove, Southwark.

The works was open for trade in January 1866 and engineers soon began to bring him specimens for testing on the great machine: Joseph Cubitt (son of William Cubitt) brought him samples of the materials for the new Blackfriars Bridge, which was then under construction. Soon The Grove became too cramped and Kirkaldy moved to 99 Southwark Street, reopening in January 1874. In the years that followed, Kirkaldy gained a worldwide reputation for rigorous and meticulous testing and recording of results, coupled with the highest integrity. He numbered the most distinguished engineers of the time among his clients.

After Kirkaldy's death, his son William George, whom he had taken into partnership, carried on the business. When the son died in 1914, his widow took charge until her death in 1938, when the grandson David became proprietor. He sold out to Treharne \& Davies, chemical consultants, in 1965, but the works finally closed in 1974. The future of the premises and the testing machine at first seemed threatened, but that has now been secured and the machine is once more in working order. Over almost one hundred years of trading in South London, the company was involved in many famous enquiries, including the analysis of the iron from the ill-fated Tay Bridge (see Bouch, Sir Thomas).

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LRD / FMW

SUBJECT AREA: Broadcasting, Electronics and information technology, Telecommunications

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Marconi was educated in physics at Leghorn and at Bologna University. An avid experimenter, he worked in his parents' attic and, almost certainly aware of the recent work of Hertz and others, soon improved the performance of coherers and spark-gap transmitters. He also discovered for himself the use of earthing and of elevated metal plates as aerials. In 1895 he succeeded in transmitting telegraphy over a distance of 2 km (1¼ miles), but the Italian Telegraph authority rejected his invention, so in 1896 he moved to England, where he filed the first of many patents. There he gained the support of the Chief Engineer of the Post Office, and by the following year he had achieved communication across the Bristol Channel.

The British Post Office was also slow to take up his work, so in 1897 he formed the Wireless Telegraph \& Signal Company to work independently. In 1898 he sold some equipment to the British Army for use in the Boer War and established the first permanent radio link from the Isle of Wight to the mainland. In 1899 he achieved communication across the English Channel (a distance of more than 31 miles or 50 km), the construction of a wireless station at Spezia, Italy, and the equipping of two US ships to report progress in the America's Cup yacht race, a venture that led to the formation of the American Marconi Company. In 1900 he won a contract from the British Admiralty to sell equipment and to train operators. Realizing that his business would be much more successful if he could offer his customers a complete radio-communication service (known today as a "turnkey" deal), he floated a new company, the Marconi International Marine Communications Company, while the old company became the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company.

His greatest achievement occurred on 12 December 1901, when Morse telegraph signals from a transmitter at Poldhu in Cornwall were received at St John's, Newfoundland, a distance of some 2,100 miles (3,400 km), with the use of an aerial flown by a kite. As a result of this, Marconi's business prospered and he became internationally famous, receiving many honours for his endeavours, including the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1909. In 1904, radio was first used to provide a daily bulletin at sea, and in 1907 a transatlantic wireless telegraphy service was inaugurated. The rescue of 1,650 passengers from the shipwreck of SS Republic in 1909 was the first of many occasions when wireless was instrumental in saving lives at sea, most notable being those from the Titanic on its maiden voyage in April 1912; more lives would have been saved had there been sufficient lifeboats. Marconi was one of those who subsequently pressed for greater safety at sea. In 1910 he demonstrated the reception of long (8 km or 5 miles) waves from Ireland in Buenos Aires, but after the First World War he began to develop the use of short waves, which were more effectively reflected by the ionosphere. By 1918 the first link between England and Australia had been established, and in 1924 he was awarded a Post Office contract for short-wave communication between England and the various parts of the British Empire.

With his achievements by then recognized by the Italian Government, in 1915 he was appointed Radio-Communications Adviser to the Italian armed forces, and in 1919 he was an Italian delegate to the Paris Peace Conference. From 1921 he lived on his yacht, the Elettra, and although he joined the Fascist Party in 1923, he later had reservations about Mussolini.

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